The Flowerhorn fish
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The
Flowerhorn fish is also known with the Chinese common name Hua Luo Han; this
fish does not exist in nature but it is a hybrid result of various cross-breeding of South America cichlids, in fact it can be listed under the Cichlasoma genus, even if the starting breeders are unknown, the most of people think about Cichlasoma Trimaculatus, C. Festae, Red
Parrot cichlid, Jingang and other
fish.
Pictures
Information about care
Flowerhorn cichlid is a big
fish with compact body, it can reach 30cm in length and sometimes can grow even bigger. Intensive breeding has created a very peculiar
fish that is becoming really famous and relatively common in the last few years; moreover breeders keep on trying to improve the
fish qualities focusing on bigger hump on the head, new and better colours, wider body and fins, more peculiar black marks on the body, without the employ of chemical and artificial factors. For the importance of appearance, a good Flowerhorn must follow a standard that defines various aspects of its body:
- General body: the
fish body must be oval and thick, with full belly and stomach; some new variants have anyway a more rounded shape.
- Hump: the hump on the forehead should be big and well proportioned to the
fish size.
- Black marks: it is important that the marks are thick and well defined, this is one of the principal characteristic of Flowerhorn, anyway some new varieties do not give too much importance to them.
- Overall Colouration: the most common Flowerhorn have a predominant red colouration, anyway every colour should be bright and well defined.
- Scales: the entire body should be covered by
light blue or green scales.
- Fins: both tails and fins should be widely spread the most of time.
Aquarium set-up information
Due the big size they can reach, Flowerhorn need big
aquarium with a lot of free space for swimming; a 200
litres tank is the minimum you can offer to an adult
fish to let it live healthily. It is a really strong
fish and can live in different
water conditions without having problems, anyway it is important to provide a
temperature between 25°C and 30°C;
pH value is also important, because acid
water can tone down
fish colours and make it sick, the ideal condition is a
light alkaline
water, with a
pH between 7 and 8. Moreover it is necessary to avoid sudden condition changes of
temperature and chemical values, because they can make Flowerhorn being more sensible to sickness like
bacteria attacks.
Water filtration is really important because this big
fish produces lots of refuses that end increasing
nitrite and
nitrate levels in the
water. You can choose both internal and external
filtration, even if the second one is preferred to leave more free space to the
fish. The biological part must work properly, so be sure to have a well activated
aquarium before to house a Flowerhorn cichlid.
Take also a look to the
water current, an excessively strong one can damage the
fish, anyway it is important that a slow movement is present, because it oxygenates the
water, and avoids that the
water heats only near
heater.
Tank decorations are important to make the
fish feel quieter. Use a layer of fine
gravel and be sure that
rocks and woods are stable and do not risk to fall easily on the
fish; be sure, as well, that all the
decorations do not make the
tank cleaning too much difficult. Live
plants are important for
filtration and oxygenation, anyway choose strong
plants like big anubias, because any Flowerhorn cichlid use to dig a lot; you can also use
plastic plants, even if they are not useful and you can risk that the
fish accidentally eat them.
Being big and aggressive is better not to house it with other
fish species, specially if they are smaller. While if you plan to house more than one Flowerhorn, provide a big
tank and divide it with
accessories to let
fish divide the territory; to avoid fights it is recommended not to keep more than two or three
fish together in the same
tank.
Feeding
Flowerhorn like similar sized
fish, astronotus ocellatus for example, need a
live food integration to be healthy and in shape. Their
diet can consist of
live food,
frozen food, and standard dry
fish food. The
live food should be of good dimension, or the
fish could not notice it, earth worms and big meal worms or wax worm are accepted; moreover you can give small
fish, poecilia reticulata could be a good choice since the high number of fry they spare monthly. Remember to
feed every
live food you choose, and in case of live
fish be sure they are healthy.
Frozen food is another good solution, especially when you do not have the live one. Young Flowerhorn usually eat chironomus, brine shrimps and other frozen
fish foods, while older ones could not notice them; at their place you can offer frozen
fish for human use, you have a great choice, anyway if possible get freshwater
fish and avoid the sea ones.
Both live and
frozen food can pollute the
water, so be sure that Flowerhorn eats all the given
food in 5 minutes maximum, in case of rests remove them fast; for this reason it is better to have an
aquarium set up that allow you to
clean fast without needing to move objects.
Dry standard
fish food is a good complementary option, especially if it is of good quality. You can find special
food produced for cichlids that usually consist of big pellets that Flowerhornlike.
A Flowerhorn cichlid should be fed two times a day, everyday, anyway be careful with the quantities and avoid to overfeed it, reducing the
food amount specially if it is really rich of nutrients.
Breeding and care for the fry
Sexing Flowerhorn is quite easy, especially when they have reached the length of 10 cm – 12 cm. The anal pore of the
fish has a V shape in case of males and a U shape in case of females. Moreover females tend to have a smaller hump when adults.
Being cichlids their reproduction can be similar to the cichlasoma one. The female lays eggs on a flat surface, like a
rock or the
aquarium glass and take care of them, while the male keeps other
fish away. After 3 or 4 days the fry hatch and parents take care of them moving in more secure hiding places. You can
feed them with just hatched brine shrimps and other specific
food for fry.
Breeding is not so easy because female can be easily stressed or worried and ends up eating her eggs, anyway if the environment is quiet and the parents are healthy reproduction is possible.
Special thanks goes to
Bien Gutierrez who has allowed us to use his picture.
More pictures of Flowerhorns


Copyright note: This article is originally written by Michela Ferretti. Aqua-fish.net owns the full copyright of this article.
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The Flowerhorn fish
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